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Know Every Particular Object about what computer is

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What is a Computer? Computer generally means a programmable machine. But, why? because it was designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations. It can help you to do a lot of your works programmable through the following hardware components:

Memory: enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and programs.

Mass storage device: allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.

Input device: usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.

Output device: a display screen, printer or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished.

Central processing Unit (CPU): brain of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions. Hope to show you more one by one of each devices above.
A computer system is made up of three main parts, as below:

When a computer receives data from an input device, the data must go through an intermediate stage before it can be sent to an output device, like a monitor, printer, or speakers.

A processing device is any device in a computer that handles this intermediate stage, being responsible for controlling the storage and retrieval of data.

A computer system consists of both hardware and information stored on hardware. Information stored on computer hardware is often called software.

The hardware components of a computer system are the electronic and mechanical parts.

The software components of a computer system are the data and the computer programs.

Alright, I'll show you what components are needed to support computer system. All text below are arranged into bahasa:

Pada umumnya ada 4 komponen pokok dalam setiap sistem komputer. setiap komponen ini wajib ada sehingga komputer yang kita gunakan dapat berjalan sesuai kerja dan fungsinya. 4 komponen itu adalah:

1. Interkoneksi Antar Komponen

Bagian ini merupakan tempat berkumpulnya seluruh komponen dalam komputer, baik itu berupa port-port koneksi, slot, koneksi fisik dan protokol yang biasa kita sebut dengan BUS. Sistem bus yang terkenal diantaranya: ISA, VESA, dan PCI.

Macam-macam Sistem BUS:

bus alamat (address BUS) untuk alamat memori
bus data (data bus) untuk data 2 arah dari memori atau port
bus kendali (control BUS) untuk mengontrol kerja sistem

Motherboard

2. Proses

Pengaturan sistem kerja komputer , termasuk penggunaan sumber daya, dan penyediaan memori bagi seluruh aktivitas komputer.

Processor

3. Memori

Adalah bagian yang akan menyimpan seluruh data kerja yang telah kita lakukan di dalam sebuah komputer. Memori terbagi 2:

A. Memori Utama; RAM. Cara kerjanya:

program harus disimpan di memori utama sebelum dapat dieksekusi
data harus disimpan di memori utama sebelum dapat dimanipulasi saat proses
memori utama, sifatnya volatile (bekerja hanya jika dialiri listrik)

B. Memori Pendukung; HARDISK,

Adalah bagian yang biasa kita gunakan sebagai tempat penyimpanan seluruh data dari seluruh pekerjaan dalam komputer yang telah kita gunakan.

Hardisk

4. Perangkat I/O

Bagian ini adalah perangkat yang fungsinya sebagai tempat memasukkan data dalam komputer dan akan menampilkan atau menghasilkan output dari data yang kita masukkan.

Contoh: keyboard, printer, scanner, dan lain-lain

Dalam ilmu komputer, memori merupakan sebuah perangkat yang berfungsi sebagai alat penyimpanan data, baik file software, foto, video, utility, dll. semua perangkat komputer memiliki memori. istilah komputernya dikenal dengan RAM (RAndom Access Memory), yang bentuknya panjang terpasang pada papan motherboard.

Jenis memory yang sering kita jumpai

1. RAM (Random Access Memory)

Fungsinya sebagai penyimpanan data sementara, menulis, membaca yang bersifat sementara. contohnya, ketika kita menyalakan komputer dan menjalankan program Ms. Office, tiba-tiba mati lampu dan data belum tersimpan. pada saat kita menyalakan komputer lagi dan membuka program Ms. Office, akan muncul data yang belum kita simpan secara otomatis.

2. ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Fungsinya sebagai pengendali/ memegang perintah pada saat menyalakan komputer. umumnya, untuk menyimpan firmware, yaitu perangkat lunak yang berhubungan dengan perangkat keras. Contohnya, ROM BIOS. ROM BIOS berisi program dasar sistem komputer yang berfungsi untuk mengatur dan menyiapkan semua peralatan atau komponen yang ada atau yang terpasang pada komputer saat komputer 'dinyalakan/dihidupkan'.

3. PROM (Programmable read-only Memory)

Bentuknya Chip yang bisa menyimpan data, namun hati-hati karena tidak bisa dihapus lagi karena sifatnya yang permanen. program yang tersimpan di dalamnya bersifat permanen dan digunakan un tuk menyimpan program bahasa mesin yang sudah menjadi bagian hardware (perangkat keras) komputer.

Contohnya, program yang men-start komputer ketika komputer baru dinyalakan. program yang ada di dalam PROM diisi oleh pabrik pembuatnya.

Pengisian program ke dalam PROM menggunakan alat khuisus bernama PROM Burner, atau PROM Writer Program atau informasi yang telah diisikan atau direkamkan ke dalam PROM, tidak dapat dihapus lagi.

Now, here are shortcuts to help you work faster using your keyboard:

Worth Sharing Keyboard Shortcuts (Microsoft Windows)

CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text) SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu) 29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)

MMC Console keyboard shortcuts

SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)